Epidemiological characteristics of birth defects in Colombia, 2019
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33610/01229907.2021v3n3a2Keywords:
Congenital anomalies, Public health surveillance, Pediatric healthAbstract
Introduction: The prevalence of congenital defects in the world ranges between 2 and 3 %, occupying an important position among the causes of disease burden worldwide. The surveillance of congenital defects is an essential component for guiding actions to prevent and control this type of events with high mortality and complications. The objective of the study was to characterize the behavior of birth defects in Colombia during 2019.
Materials and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study. The population corresponded to cases of birth defects detected at birth or up to one year of life reported to the National Epidemiological Surveillance System (Sivigila). The analysis plan was carried out using descriptive statistics.
Results: 7 610 cases of major birth defects were reported, with a prevalence of 120.1 cases per 10,000 live births (NV). According to maternal age, after 30 years of age, the prevalence increases and reaches its highest value in women aged 45 years and older with 357,5 per 10 000 live births. The most frequently reported congenital malformations were malformations of the musculoskeletal system, mainly polydactyly, gastroschisis and talipes equinovarus.
Conclusion: the national prevalence was found to be within the estimates made worldwide. According to maternal age, several studies have demonstrated the relationship between increased maternal age and risk of chromosomal birth defects. Polydactyly presents a prevalence above the Latin American ECLAMC reports, supporting the hypothesis of the presence of an unusual behavior in the country for this type of defect.
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