Malaria in Colombia, the prelude to eradication
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33610/01229907.2021v3n3a1Keywords:
Malaria, Colombia, Complicated malaria, Transmission foci, Malaria eliminationAbstract
Introduction: Malaria is an acute febrile disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium spp, which can cause from asymptomatic and mild symptomatic symptoms to death. It is a public health problem in Colombia, since there are focal points of high transmission. In this study, an analysis was made of the behavior of the event during 2019, the year of preparation in the country for the elimination of malaria.
Materials y methods: the database of the National Public Health Surveillance System (Sivigila) was analyzed. A description was made of the demographic and basic variables of interest of the event; absolute frequencies, incidences and bivariate analyses were calculated; trend analyses were performed based on the elaboration of endemic channels.
Results: in 2019, 80 415 cases of malaria were reported, 98,3 % were classified as uncomplicated malaria and infection by P. falciparum prevailed with 51,1 % of cases; 44,6 % of cases occurred in Afro-Colombians and 22,2 % in indigenous people. Three deaths due to malaria caused by P. vivax were confirmed, one of them in a child under five years of age. The country was in an outbreak situation and the Annual Parasite Index (API) was 10,01 cases per 1 000 population at risk. The municipality of Quibdó - Chocó reported the highest number of malaria cases (8,4 %), followed by Tierralta - Córdoba (6,6 %) and Tibú - Norte de Santander (5,4 %)
Conclusion: 2019 was a hyper-endemic year for malaria, with one of the highest APIs in recent years and the highest proportion of cases occurring in the Pacific. P. falciparum infection predominated as observed in 2010 and 2016, also epidemic years.
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