First identified case of visceral leishmaniasis in Hatonuevo, La Guajira, 2018
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33610/01229907.2020v2n1a4Keywords:
Visceral leishmaniasis, Leishmania infantum, Visceral leishmaniasis outbreakAbstract
Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease affecting the skin, mucous membranes and viscera, caused by a flagellated protozoan of the genus Leishmania, introduced into the body by the bite of a phlebotomine insect of the genus Lutzomyia. Ninety-six percent of the cases in this region are found in Brazil, Argentina and Colombia (Magdalena valley and the Caribbean
region) (1). The species incriminated as vectors of visceral leishmaniasis are: L. longipalpis, and L. Evansi, and the main domestic reservoir is the dog. Objective: to characterize the case and identify the risk factors involved in the transmission of the case, to describe the interventions carried out by the territorial entity at the municipal and departmental level.
Materials and methods: An outbreak study with epidemiological field investigation (IEC) was carried out in the municipality of Hatonuevo-Guajira, Los Mayalitos II neighborhood, Guaimarito and Guamachito communities. Active surveillance tools, knowledge, attitude and practice surveys, focus study, interventions, canine sampling and sampling of symptomatic children were applied. Data were recorded and processed in Microsoft Excel 2016®. Descriptive analysis was performed with case characteristics, approach and
interventions. The results were presented in frequency charts.
Results: it is established as an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis, laboratory confirmed case, native due to the conditions for the presence of the vector and positive reservoir: 14-month-old indigenous child, clinical picture of fever, thrombocytopenia and anemia, confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) for visceral leishmaniasis, in the focus study the vector and positive domestic reservoir (canine) were identified in the urban area. In the active community search, no children under five years of
age were identified with symptoms compatible with visceral leishmaniasis.
Conclusion: an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis is established with one laboratory-confirmed case, native due to the conditions for the presence of the vector and positive reservoir in the municipality of Hatonuevo
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