Maternal Mortality in Indigenous Populations, Colombia 2018-2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33610/28059611.150Keywords:
maternal mortality, indigenous peoples, health inequities, socioeconomic factorsAbstract
Introduction. Indigenous populations in several countries in the Americas and the Caribbean face unfavorable health conditions, and inequities in access to healthcare services exacerbate these problems. Regarding maternal mortality, the risk of dying from this cause ranges from 2 to 6 times higher among indigenous populations compared to the national average. For women, limited access to sexual and reproductive health services significantly contributes to causes of death during childbearing age. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of maternal mortality among indigenous populations in Colombia from 2018 to 2022.
Methods. Analytical cross-sectional study using reported cases of maternal mortality from the Public Health Surveillance System between 2018 and 2022. Maternal mortality ratios in indigenous and non-indigenous populations were calculated, and bivariate analysis was applied using chi-square estimation (X2) and risk ratios. Poisson probability estimation methodology was used for the analysis of unusual patterns.
Results: In Colombia, 1,697 maternal deaths were reported between 2018 and 2022, of which 11.2% corresponded to indigenous women. The maternal mortality ratio among indigenous women was 125.1 per 100,000 live births, representing 3.3 times higher than the non-indigenous population. Higher mortality risk was identified among women over 35 years (RR=5.04; 95% CI [3.90–6.51]), those without health insurance (RR=6.16; 95% CI [4.15–9.13]), and those residing in remote rural areas (RR=4.23; 95% CI [3.46–5.61]). Obstetric hemorrhage was the leading cause of death in this population group.
Conclusion: There is a significant gap in maternal mortality, with indigenous women facing substantially higher risks compared to non-indigenous women. Intercultural actions are required to reduce the inequities affecting this population.
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